Fabric Glossary

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A

Acetate

Acetate is a luxurious, silk-like fabric known for its softness and brilliant sheen. It's a man-made fibre that offers excellent drapability and is primarily used in elegant linings, evening wear, and high-end garments. Acetate blends well with other fibres, enhancing the lustre and comfort of clothing. It's admired for its ability to hold vibrant dyes, making it a favourite for brightly coloured and beautifully patterned outfits.

Care Tips: Acetate garments should be dry-cleaned or gently hand-washed to maintain their texture and colour vibrancy.

Acrylic

Acrylic is a synthetic fibre known for its wool-like feel, providing warmth and softness without the weight. It's highly durable, resistant to moths and chemicals, and retains shape and colour well after washing. Acrylic is commonly used in knitwear, such as sweaters and blankets, as well as outdoor clothing because of its excellent ability to wick away moisture.

Care Tips: Acrylic items can be machine-washed on a gentle cycle with warm water and tumble-dried on low settings.

Alençon Lace

Alençon Lace, often referred to as the "Queen of lace," is a fine needlepoint lace with a detailed pattern outlined in heavy cordonnet (a type of thread). It originated in Alençon, France, in the 16th century and is distinguished by its intricate floral designs on a sheer net background. This lace is frequently used in bridal gowns, veils, and haute couture for its exquisite beauty and delicate craftsmanship.

Care Tips: Due to its delicate nature, Alençon lace items should be professionally cleaned or carefully hand-washed.

Alpaca

Alpaca is a natural fibre derived from the fleece of the Alpaca animal, native to the Andean region of South America. It's known for its luxurious softness, warmth, and lightweight properties, making it highly sought after for high-end knitwear, including sweaters, scarves, and blankets. Alpaca fibre comes in various natural shades, ranging from whites and greys to browns and blacks, allowing for beautiful, undyed fabric creations. It's also hypoallergenic, making it an excellent choice for those with sensitive skin.

Care Tips: Alpaca garments should be hand-washed in cold water with mild detergent and laid flat to dry to preserve their softness and shape.

Acetate Lining Fabric	Acrylic Wool Knit fabric - "Beau"	Austrian Appliqué Embroidered Collar - Alicia - White

Angora

Angora refers to the soft, luxurious fibre produced from the fur of the Angora rabbit. It's renowned for its exceptional softness, silkiness, and thermal properties, making it ideal for premium knitwear, such as sweaters, hats, and scarves. Angora fibre is often blended with other wool to add softness and a distinctive halo effect to garments.

Care Tips: Angora blends should be hand-washed in cool water and dried flat to avoid felting and to maintain the fibre's natural softness.

Antique Satin

Antique satin is a reversible fabric with a glossy satin finish on one side and a textured, matte finish on the other, often created by using slub yarns. This fabric is widely used in window treatments, upholstery, and decorative pillows, offering a blend of luxury and durability. Its unique texture and appearance make it a popular choice for adding a touch of elegance to home décor.

Care Tips: Depending on the blend, most antique satin should be dry-cleaned to preserve its texture and sheen.

Appliqué

Appliqué is a decorative technique in which pieces of fabric are sewn or fixed onto a larger piece of fabric to create patterns or designs. It's a popular method in quilting, garment design, and textile arts for adding visual interest and texture. Appliqué can be done by hand or machine and allows for creative expression through the use of various shapes, colours, and fabric types.

Care Tips: The care of appliquéd items depends on the base fabric and the type of appliqué materials used. Generally, gentle washing and drying are recommended to preserve the applied designs.

Argyle

Argyle is a pattern made of diamonds or lozenges. The design is most commonly found on knitwear, such as socks, sweaters, and vests, and is a staple in classic British fashion. The pattern often includes an overlay of intercrossing diagonal lines on solid diamonds, adding depth and interest. Argyle adds a preppy, sophisticated touch to any outfit, making it a perennial favourite for both casual and formal wear.

Care Tips: Care varies with the base fabric but generally, argyle knitwear benefits from gentle washing and laying flat to dry to maintain its shape.

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B

Bamboo

Bamboo fabric is made from the pulp of bamboo grass, known for its softness, antibacterial properties, and sustainability. It's a versatile material that can be processed into a variety of fabric types, including a silky smooth version often used in bed linens, clothing, and eco-friendly products. Bamboo dress fabric is highly absorbent, moisture-wicking, and breathable, making it particularly suitable for activewear, underwear, and socks. It's also hypoallergenic, offering a natural, gentle option for those with sensitive skin. The environmental benefits of bamboo, such as its rapid growth and minimal need for pesticides, add to its appeal as a green textile choice.

Care Tips: Bamboo dress fabrics can usually be machine washed in cool water on a gentle cycle with mild detergent. Tumble dry on low heat or hang to dry to preserve the fabric's softness and environmental benefits. Avoid using bleach or fabric softeners, which can break down the fibres over time.

Barathea

Barathea is a finely textured, woven fabric known for its pebbled surface, which is achieved through a twill or satin weave. This fabric is most commonly made from silk, wool, polyester, or a blend, making it versatile for various uses. It's particularly favoured for formal wear, including evening dresses, men's blazers, and service uniforms due to its subtle sheen and elegant appearance. Barathea's durability and drape also make it a popular choice for academic gowns and liturgical vestments.

Care Tips: Wool barathea should be dry-cleaned to maintain its texture and finish, while synthetic blends may offer more flexibility in care.

Basket Weave

Basket weave is a simple, yet versatile weaving technique that mimics the pattern of a woven basket, characterised by pairs of warp and weft threads interlacing to form a checkered pattern. This technique creates a fabric that is breathable and has a flexible structure, making it ideal for casual shirts, summer dresses, and home textiles. The texture and aesthetic appeal of basket weave fabrics make them a popular choice for adding depth and interest to a design without the need for prints or embellishments.

Care Tips: Gentle machine wash and tumble dry on low settings are recommended. Ironing on a medium setting can restore the fabric's smooth finish.

Basting

Another term for tacking; basting is a temporary method of holding fabric together, used in sewing to ensure accuracy before final stitching. This technique involves long, loose stitches by hand or machine and is essential for fitting garments, setting sleeves, or positioning zips. Basting stitches are easily removed and do not damage the fabric, making them an invaluable step in the construction of tailored and couture garments.

Care Tips: Since basting is a temporary measure, no specific care tips are needed, but gentle removal is recommended to avoid fabric damage.

Batik

Batik is a traditional fabric decoration technique originating from Indonesia. It involves applying wax to fabric in specific patterns, then dyeing the fabric; the waxed areas resist the dye, creating intricate designs. Batik is celebrated for its vibrant colours and complex patterns, often featuring floral and geometric motifs. This technique can be found in various garments, from casual wear to formal attire, and in home décor.

Care Tips: Hand wash batik fabrics in cold water to preserve their colours and patterns. Avoid direct sunlight when drying to prevent fading.

Bedford Cord

Bedford Cord is a durable, woven fabric characterised by vertical ribs or wales that give it a corded surface, similar to corduroy but without the cut pile. Made from cotton, wool, or synthetic fibres, it's used for upholstery, workwear, and equestrian clothing due to its robustness and texture. The fabric's construction provides a cushioning effect, making it comfortable for seating and wearable items.

Care Tips: Machine wash on a gentle cycle with similar colours and tumble dry on low heat. Use a cool iron if necessary.

Bengaline

Bengaline is a sturdy fabric with a crosswise rib texture, traditionally made from silk but now often found in synthetic blends. Its elasticity and resilience make it a favourite for form-fitting dresses, skirts, and trousers. The fabric's ribbed surface adds depth and interest to garments, while its stretch provides comfort and a flattering fit.

Care Tips: Wash gently or dry-clean, depending on the fibre content, to maintain the fabric's texture and elasticity.

Bias

Bias refers to the diagonal direction of fabric that is at a 45-degree angle to the weave's warp and weft threads. Cutting fabric on the bias allows it to stretch more, providing fluidity and drape. This technique is often used in garment construction for fitting purposes and in creating decorative elements like bias tape for edging or piping.

Care Tips: Garments cut on the bias may require special care to retain their shape, including gentle washing and laying flat to dry.

Boiled Wool

Boiled Wool refers to a knitted wool that has been agitated in hot water and soap, causing it to shrink and felt. This process compacts the fibres, resulting in a dense, durable fabric with excellent thermal properties, while retaining the wool's natural breathability. Boiled wool is characterised by its unique texture, warmth, and resistance to wind and water, making it an ideal material for outerwear such as jackets, coats, and traditional Alpine garments. It offers a combination of rustic charm and practicality, with a structured yet flexible drape.

Care Tips: Boiled wool garments should be dry-cleaned to maintain their shape and texture. If washing at home is necessary, use cold water and a gentle hand wash method, then lay flat to dry away from direct heat or sunlight.

Bonded

Bonded fabric combines two or more layers of material, creating a single fabric with enhanced features like durability and warmth. This method allows for creative textile solutions, such as weather-resistant clothing or decorative home textiles. It's used widely in fashion, outdoor gear, and interior design.

Care Tips: Care varies based on the materials used. Typically, wash gently in cool water and air dry or use low heat. Always check the manufacturer's recommendations to avoid damage.

Bamboo Fabric - "Draper"	Batik & Tie-Dye Fabric	Boiled Wool Fabric - A Customer Make by Eugenie	Brocade Fabric

Bouclé

Bouclé is a textured fabric made from yarn with loops producing a bumpy surface. It is renowned for its cosy feel and visual interest, making it a popular choice for jackets, coats, and home décor. Bouclé fabric adds warmth and a touch of luxury to any piece, with its intricate texture offering depth and a unique handfeel.

Care Tips: Dry cleaning is recommended for most bouclé garments to preserve their texture and shape.

Broadcloth

Broadcloth is a dense, plain weave fabric traditionally made from wool but now also available in cotton and synthetic fibres. It has a smooth surface and a slight sheen, making it suitable for dress shirts, quilts, and fine linens. Broadcloth's tightly woven structure provides a durable, yet soft fabric ideal for high-quality, tailored garments.

Care Tips: Cotton broadcloth can be machine washed and ironed on a high setting, while wool broadcloth should be dry-cleaned.

Brocade

Brocade is a rich, decorative fabric woven with a raised pattern, often featuring floral or intricate designs using silk, gold, or silver threads. It is traditionally used in upholstery, draperies, and evening wear, offering an opulent and elegant aesthetic. Brocade's luxurious appearance makes it a favourite for formal garments and ornate home furnishings.

Care Tips: Brocade dress fabric should be dry-cleaned to protect its intricate designs and delicate threads.

Brushed

Brushed fabric is a textile that has been treated with a mechanical process where metal brushes gently raise the fine fibres from the loosely spun yarns to create a soft, fluffy surface. This process enhances the softness and warmth of fabrics like flannel, making them ideal for cosy clothing and bedding.

Care Tips: Wash in warm water and tumble dry on low to maintain softness. Avoid high heat, which can damage the brushed surface.

Buckram

Buckram is a stiff cloth, made of cotton or linen, heavily sized with glue, used for stiffening hats, belts, and book bindings. It provides structure and shape to garments and accessories, making it an essential material in millinery and historical costume design.

Care Tips: Buckram should not be washed; spot clean only if necessary.

Burlap

Burlap, also known as hessian in the UK, is a coarse, woven fabric made from jute, hemp, or other natural fibres. It is durable and breathable, often used for sacks, upholstery, and rustic décor. Burlap's rugged texture and natural colour make it popular for outdoor and garden applications, as well as in craft and design projects for a rustic aesthetic.

Care Tips: Hand wash or spot clean with cold water and air dry. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight.

Burling                                                    

Burling is the process of removing burs, knots, and loose threads from fabric. This finishing step ensures the smoothness and quality of the textile, particularly in woollen fabrics. Burling is a meticulous hand process that contributes to the overall aesthetics and comfort of the final fabric.

Care Tips: No specific care tips, as burling is a pre-consumer process.

Burn-out Velvet

Burn-out Velvet, also known as devoré, is a technique where a chemical gel is applied to velvet fabric to dissolve certain fibres and create a semi-transparent pattern against a more solid velvet background. This luxurious fabric is used in evening wear, scarves, and home décor for its intricate patterns and textural contrast.

Care Tips: Dry clean only to preserve the fabric's texture and intricate designs.

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C

Calico

Calico is a plain-woven textile, made from unbleached, and often not fully processed, cotton. It may contain some husk or seed particles. It is a versatile fabric used in quilting, crafts, and as a base for test garments (toiles) in dressmaking. Calico is appreciated for its natural, rustic appearance and is also used in home décor for a minimalist aesthetic.

Care Tips: Wash in warm water to remove any sizing or impurities. Expect some shrinkage due to the natural cotton content, so pre-washing before use in projects is recommended.

Cambric

Cambric is a lightweight, closely woven, white linen or cotton fabric, noted for its smooth, lustrous surface and dense texture. Historically used for lace and needlework, today it's also used for fine shirting, handkerchiefs, and lightweight summer clothing. Cambric can be bleached, dyed, or printed, offering versatility for various fashion applications.

Care Tips: Gentle machine wash and air dry to maintain the fabric's integrity. Iron while damp to achieve a crisp finish.

Camel Hair

Camel hair fabric is woven from the soft, fine undercoat of camels, known for its luxurious softness, warmth, and excellent insulation properties. Traditionally used in high-end coats and jackets, camel hair is also found in blends for suits, sweaters, and accessories. Its natural golden tan colour is highly prized, though it can be dyed.

Care Tips: Camel hair should be dry-cleaned to preserve its texture and colour. Avoid water exposure, which can alter the fabric's feel and appearance.

Canvas

Canvas is a durable, heavy-duty fabric made from cotton or linen, known for its sturdiness and resistance to tearing. It's widely used for sails, tents, marquees, backpacks, and as a painting surface for artists. In fashion, canvas is used for shoes, bags, and workwear. The fabric's robustness makes it ideal for items requiring durability.

Care Tips: Clean with a brush and mild soap. Avoid washing heavy canvas to prevent shrinking and fading.

Cashmere

Cashmere is a luxurious, soft wool obtained from the undercoat of cashmere goats. Renowned for its softness, warmth, and lightweight properties, cashmere is used in high-end jumpers/­sweaters, cardigans, scarves, and blankets. It provides unparalleled comfort and is significantly warmer than sheep's wool.

Care Tips: Hand wash in cold water with a mild detergent or dry clean. Lay flat to dry away from direct heat and sunlight.

100% Italian Cashmere Fabric

Challis

Challis is a lightweight, woven fabric, made from viscose/ rayon, wool or a blend, characterised by its soft, fluid drape. It features printed or woven designs, often floral, making it ideal for dresses, blouses, and scarves. Viscose challis is appreciated for its breathability and comfort, especially in warmer climates.

Care Tips: Dry clean wool challis to preserve its texture and colour. Rayon challis can be hand washed in cold water.

Chambray

Chambray is a cotton plain-weave fabric, similar to denim, but with a finer weave. It features coloured warp and white weft threads, giving it a slightly mottled appearance. Lightweight and comfortable, chambray is used for shirts, dresses, and children's apparel. It combines the durability of denim with the softness of cotton, making it a popular choice for casual wear.

Care Tips: Machine washable in cold water. Tumble dry on low and remove promptly to minimise wrinkles.

Cheesecloth

Cheesecloth is a loose-woven cotton fabric, originally used in cheese making, now popular in culinary applications, and as a lightweight fabric for summer clothing, curtains, and crafts. Its open weave allows air circulation, making it ideal for straining, steaming, and spice bags in cooking.

Care Tips: Wash before use in cooking to remove any lint or impurities. For fabric use, gentle wash and air dry to maintain the loose weave.

Chenille

Chenille fabric is known for its soft, fuzzy surface, created by placing short lengths of yarn between two core yarns and then twisting the yarn together. The edges of these piles then stand at right angles to the yarn's core, giving chenille its characteristic look and plush feel. It's used in sweaters, robes, blankets, and upholstery.

Care Tips: Machine wash on a gentle cycle in cool water, tumble dry on low heat. Avoid ironing to preserve the texture.

Chiffon

Chiffon is a lightweight, sheer fabric made from silk, cotton, nylon, or polyester, known for its airy, transparent qualities. It drapes beautifully, making it a favourite for evening wear, bridal gowns, and scarves. Chiffon layers add elegance and softness to garments, though its delicate nature requires careful handling.

Care Tips: Hand wash or dry clean silk and fine chiffon to prevent damage. Polyester chiffon can be machine washed on a gentle cycle.

China Silk

China silk, also known as habotai, is a lightweight, soft, and smooth silk fabric, known for its slight sheen and fluid drape. It's often used in linings, scarves, blouses, and lightweight summer garments. Despite its delicate appearance, it's relatively robust and offers a comfortable wear.

Care Tips: Dry clean or hand wash in cold water with a mild detergent. Air dry away from direct sunlight to prevent fading.

Chintz

Chintz is a glazed, cotton fabric printed with floral designs, used for draperies, upholstery, and clothing. Its glossy finish is achieved through a calendering process, giving it a smooth, polished look. Chintz is celebrated for its vibrant patterns and is a staple in traditional and country-style interiors.

Care Tips: Dry clean to preserve the glaze and colours. Avoid water-based cleaning methods which can remove the fabric's sheen.

Combed Cotton

Combed cotton is a type of cotton that has been further processed to remove short fibres and straighten or align the remaining long fibres, making the fabric softer, stronger, and more lustrous. This process results in a higher quality cotton fabric, ideal for fine garments and textiles that require a smooth, soft touch.

Care Tips: Machine washable in warm water with similar colours. Tumble dry on low and remove promptly to minimise wrinkles.

Corduroy

Corduroy is a textured fabric with distinctive "cords" or wales, known for its durability and warmth. Made from twisted fibres that lie parallel to one another, it's used in pants, jackets, and children's wear. The width of the cord varies, offering different looks and textures.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low. Iron on the reverse to avoid crushing the cords.

Cotton

Cotton is a natural fibre that forms the basis of many textile products. Known for its versatility, breathability, and comfort, it's used in a wide range of garments, from casual t-shirts to fine bed linens. Cotton's absorbency makes it a popular choice for summer wear and towels.

Care Tips: Machine washable. Use warm water and non-chlorine bleach if needed. Tumble dry on low, and iron as needed.

Calico Fabric	Canvas	Chiffon Fabric	Corduroy Fabric

Crêpe

Crêpe is a category of dress fabric characterised by its crinkled or pebbled texture, made from silk, wool, or synthetic fibres. It's used in a variety of garments, including dresses, pants, and blouses, offering a flattering drape and elegant appearance. Crêpe dress fabrics can range from lightweight and sheer to heavy and opaque.

Care Tips: Care varies by fibre content—silk and wool crêpes should be dry-cleaned, while synthetic crêpes can often be hand washed.

Crêpe Backed Satin

Or Satin backed Crepe is a luxurious fabric that features a glossy satin finish on one side and a textured crepe finish on the other. This dual-sided fabric offers versatility in design and use, ideal for evening wear, bridal gowns, and reversible garments. It combines the lustrous sheen of satin with the subtle texture of crepe for a unique fabric experience.

Care Tips: Dry clean only to maintain the integrity of both textures. Use a low-heat iron on the satin side if necessary, placing a cloth between the iron and the fabric.

Crêpe de Chine

Crêpe de Chine is a lightweight, smooth silk fabric known for its subtle, lustrous sheen and fine crepe texture. This fabric is distinguished by its elegant drape and resilience, making it a favoured choice for blouses, dresses, and scarves. Crêpe de Chine offers a slightly more structured form than other silk fabrics, which makes it versatile for both casual and formal wear. Its surface is less textured than other crepes, providing a sleek and fluid appearance.

Care Tips: To maintain its delicate texture and sheen, dry cleaning is recommended for Crêpe de Chine garments. If hand washing is necessary, use cold water and a mild detergent, then air dry away from direct sunlight.

Crepon

Crepon is a type of crepe fabric characterised by its crinkled or puckered surface, achieved through the use of highly twisted yarns or a chemical treatment that shrinks parts of the fabric. It varies in weight and can be made from silk, wool, or synthetic fibres, offering a textured hand and substantial body. Crepon is used in a variety of garments, including dresses, skirts, and scarves, where a textured, dimensional appearance is desired.

Care Tips: Care for Crepon fabric depends on the fibre content. Silk and wool Crepon should generally be dry-cleaned to preserve the fabric's texture and finish. Synthetic Crepon may be more forgiving and can often be hand washed gently in cold water, then laid flat to dry.

Crimp

Crimp in textiles refers to the natural wave or curl of the fibre, which contributes to the overall bulk, elasticity, and thermal insulation of the fabric. Crimped fibres interlock more effectively, enhancing the fabric's resilience and shape retention. It's a key feature in wool and synthetic fibres used in apparel and home textiles.

Care Tips: Follow the care instructions specific to the fabric blend. Generally, gentle washing and drying are recommended to maintain the fabric's structure.

Crochet

Crochet is a handcraft technique that involves creating fabric from yarn, thread, or other materials using a crochet hook. The result is a distinctive, openwork texture that can range from simple to complex patterns. Crochet is used for a wide array of items, including clothing, blankets, hats, and decorative pieces.

Care Tips: Care depends on the material used. Hand wash or machine wash on a gentle cycle in cool water, then lay flat to dry.

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D

Damask

Damask is a reversible, patterned fabric made from silk, cotton, linen, wool, or synthetic fibres, featuring a combination of satin and matte textures to create intricate patterns. Traditionally used in table linens, upholstery, and drapery, damask is valued for its elegance and intricate designs, often depicting floral, fruit, and abstract geometric patterns.

Care Tips: Care depends on the fibre content; cotton and linen damask dress fabrics can often be machine washed on a gentle cycle, while silk and wool varieties should be dry-cleaned.

Deadstock

Deadstock fabric is unused textile surplus from fashion houses or fabric mills, often repurposed or sold for new projects. It represents a sustainable choice, reducing waste and environmental impact by giving high-quality materials a second life. Deadstock varies in type and quantity, offering unique opportunities for designers and hobbyists to access designer materials at reduced costs.

Sustainability: Utilising deadstock supports eco-friendly fashion by minimising textile waste and promoting a circular economy.

Care Tips: Care instructions may vary due to the diverse origins of deadstock fabrics. Test wash a small area first. Generally, hand washing or dry cleaning with gentle detergents is recommended to maintain fabric quality.

Denim

Denim is a sturdy cotton twill fabric known for its indigo blue colour, used primarily in the manufacture of jeans, jackets, and other casual wear. Its diagonal ribbing distinguishes it from other cotton fabrics, providing durability and a unique ability to fade and age aesthetically over time.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water to minimise shrinking and fading. Tumble dry on low heat or hang dry to preserve the colour and shape.

Devoré

Devoré, also known as burnout, is a technique applied to fabric, typically velvet, where a mixed-fibre material undergoes a chemical process to dissolve one fibre type, creating a semi-transparent pattern against a more opaque background. This results in a distinctive texture contrast, ideal for evening wear and fashion accessories.

Care Tips: Dry clean only to maintain the integrity of the fabric's texture and design.

Digital Printing

Digital printing on fabric is a modern technique that involves applying digital images directly onto the fabric using inkjet technology. This allows for high-definition details, a wide range of colours, and customisation not possible with traditional printing methods. It's used across various textiles, from fashion to home décor.

Care Tips: Follow specific care instructions provided by the manufacturer, as the durability of digital prints can vary. Generally, wash gently in cold water and air dry.

Dobby

Dobby fabric features a woven pattern produced by a dobby loom, which can create intricate geometric or small-scale patterns through the use of multiple warp and weft threads. This technique allows for a variety of textures and designs in both apparel and home textiles, including polka dots, checks, and more complex patterns. Dobby fabrics are often used in shirts, dresses, and quality linens.

Care Tips: Care varies with the material composition; cotton dobby can usually be machine washed and ironed, while silk or wool dobby fabrics might require dry cleaning.

Domette

Domette is a medium-weight, brushed cotton fabric used as interlining in curtains and upholstery to provide extra body, thermal insulation, and soundproofing. It enhances the drape and feel of the outer fabric while protecting it from sunlight.

Care Tips: Not typically washed, but can be dry-cleaned if necessary. Follow the care instructions of the main fabric when used as interlining.

Double Faced

Double-faced fabric is constructed with two layers that are woven together, which can be the same or different on each side. This technique creates a fabric that looks finished from both sides, ideal for garments that do not require lining, such as coats and jackets.

Care Tips: Care will depend on the fabric type and use. Generally, dry cleaning is recommended for double-faced woollens to preserve their structure and finish.

Double Knit

Double knit is a type of knitted fabric made with two sets of needles, producing a knit that looks the same on both sides. This results in a thicker, more structured fabric with excellent durability and stretch. Double knits are ideal for dresses, skirts, pants, and heavier tops, offering comfort and resilience.

Care Tips: Most double knit fabrics can be machine washed on a gentle cycle and laid flat to dry to maintain their shape and finish.

Drill

Drill is a durable, twill weave cotton fabric known for its diagonal rib pattern. It's heavier than plain weave fabrics, making it suitable for work clothing, uniforms, and durable sportswear. Drill is often used for making chef's whites, military uniforms, and canvas shoes, offering both strength and comfort.

Care Tips: Cotton drill can be machine washed in warm water and tumble dried on a medium setting. Iron on a high heat setting if necessary.

Duchess Satin

Duchess Satin is a high-quality, luxurious satin weave fabric, heavier and more structured than standard satin. Made from silk or a silk blend, it has a glossy surface and a full-bodied drape, making it a popular choice for bridal and evening wear.

Care Tips: Dry clean only to maintain the fabric's sheen and prevent water spots or damage to the delicate fibres.

Dupioni Silk

Dupioni Silk is a lustrous silk fabric known for its crisp drape, distinctive sheen, and slightly textured finish due to irregular slubs. It's often used in bridal gowns, formal dresses, and draperies. Dupioni is appreciated for its natural sheen and ability to hold vibrant dyes.

Care Tips: Dry cleaning is recommended to preserve the fabric's texture and colour.

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E

Eco-Friendly

Eco-friendly fabrics are made with minimal harm to the environment, utilising sustainable resources, and processes. This category includes organic cotton, bamboo, recycled materials, and other textiles produced with a focus on reducing water usage, chemical exposure, and carbon footprint. Eco-friendly practices in textile production also involve ethical labour practices and animal welfare.

Care Tips: Care varies by fabric type; generally, washing in cold water and air drying are recommended to minimise environmental impact.

Ecovero

Ecovero is a sustainable viscose fibre brand produced by Lenzing, known for its environmentally responsible production process. Derived from certified renewable wood sources, Ecovero fibres generate up to 50% lower emissions and water impact compared to generic viscose. Fabrics made from Ecovero are soft, breathable, and have a silky smooth finish, suitable for dresses, blouses, and linings.

Care Tips: Follow the care instructions similar to viscose—hand wash or machine wash on a gentle cycle with cold water, and line dry.

Egyptian Cotton

Egyptian cotton is a luxurious cotton known for its long fibres, which produce smooth, strong, and durable yarns. Fabrics made from Egyptian cotton are soft, highly absorbent, and have a high lustre, making them ideal for high-quality bed linens, towels, and premium clothing.

Care Tips: Machine wash in warm water with a gentle detergent, tumble dry on low, and remove while slightly damp to reduce wrinkling.

Elastane

Elastane, also known as Spandex or Lycra, is a synthetic fibre known for its exceptional elasticity. It's often blended with other fibres to add stretch and improve the fit, shape retention, and comfort of garments. Elastane is used in a wide range of clothing, from activewear and swimwear to jeans and underwear.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low or hang dry. Avoid high heat, which can damage the fibres.

Embossing

Embossing is a process that creates raised or recessed designs on fabric surfaces, adding texture and visual interest. This technique can be applied to various textiles, including velvet, satin, and synthetic leathers, through heat and pressure or engraved rollers. Embossed fabrics are often used in upholstery, fashion accessories, and decorative items for their unique patterns and tactile appeal.

Care Tips: Handle gently and clean according to the base fabric's requirements, typically through dry cleaning or gentle wiping with a damp cloth.

Embroidery

Embroidery involves decorating fabric with needle and thread, creating patterns, and adding texture. This art form can be done by hand or machine and is used to embellish clothing, home décor, and accessories. Embroidered fabrics add a personal touch and artisanal quality to textiles, ranging from simple stitches to complex, multi-coloured designs.

Care Tips: Wash embroidered items gently by hand or on a delicate machine cycle, using cold water to prevent shrinkage and colour bleeding. Iron on the reverse side to protect the embroidery.

Ex-Designer

Ex-designer fabrics are high-quality materials leftover or overproduced from fashion designers' collections. Also known as “deadstock” these fabrics offer an opportunity to access luxury textiles at reduced prices, suitable for creating unique garments and accessories. The range includes various fibres, weaves, and prints, reflecting current fashion trends.

Care Tips: Care instructions depend on the specific fabric composition; always refer to the manufacturer's guidelines for best practices.

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F

Façonne

Façonne is a term used to describe fabrics that have a woven pattern of small figures or motifs, often produced by a jacquard loom. These intricate designs can be found in various textiles, including silks and fine cottons, adding a subtle, textured elegance to clothing and home décor.

Care Tips: Handle with care, preferably dry clean to maintain the integrity of the patterns and fabric texture.

Faille

Faille is a ribbed fabric with a pronounced, crisp texture made from silk, cotton, or synthetic fibres. It features a subtle, lustrous sheen and a slightly stiff drape, making it suitable for formal wear, bridal gowns, and interior decorations.

Care Tips: Dry clean to preserve the fabric's texture and sheen.

Fat Quarter

A fat quarter refers to a quarter-yard piece of fabric that is cut to provide a larger piece than the standard quarter-yard. Measuring approximately 18 inches by 22 inches, fat quarters are popular among quilters and crafters for their versatility in projects that require smaller amounts of various fabrics.

Care Tips: Pre-wash to account for any shrinkage, following the care instructions for the specific fabric type.

Faux Fur

Faux fur is a synthetic fabric designed to mimic the appearance and texture of real animal fur. It is used in a wide range of fashion items, including coats, hats, and accessories, as well as in home décor. Faux fur offers an ethical alternative to real fur, providing warmth and style without harming animals.

Care Tips: Spot clean or machine wash on a gentle cycle with cold water, then air dry. Avoid high heat, which can damage the fibres.

Fleece

Fleece is a soft, warm, synthetic fabric with a plush texture, often made from polyester. It is designed to mimic and surpass the warmth of wool, providing lightweight insulation in activewear, casual wear, blankets, and outdoor gear. Fleece is known for its moisture-wicking properties and breathability.

Care Tips: Machine wash in warm water and tumble dry on low heat. Avoid ironing or using bleach to preserve the fabric's texture.

Flame Retardant

Flame retardant fabrics are treated to resist ignition and prevent the spread of flames. These materials are crucial in protective clothing, children's sleepwear, and furnishings. The treatment can be applied to various fibres, enhancing safety without significantly altering the fabric's appearance or feel.

Care Tips: Clean according to manufacturer's instructions, as some flame retardant finishes can be diminished by washing or require specific care to maintain their protective properties.

Flannel

Flannel is a soft, woven fabric, typically made from cotton, wool, or synthetic fibres, brushed to create extra softness. It is known for its warmth and comfort, making it a popular choice for sleepwear, casual shirts, and bedding.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low. Remove promptly to minimise wrinkles.

Flax

Flax refers to the natural fibre used to make linen. It is known for its strength, durability, and absorbency. Linen, the fabric made from flax fibres, is valued for its cool, breathable qualities, making it ideal for summer clothing, bedding, and table linens.

Care Tips: Machine wash in lukewarm or cold water with gentle detergent, air dry or tumble dry on low heat. Iron while damp if necessary.

Foil

Foil in textiles refers to a metallic finish applied to the surface of a fabric, giving it a shiny, reflective appearance. It is often used in fashion for dramatic effect, in costumes, and in dancewear. The foil can be applied to various base fabrics, including stretch materials for added versatility.

Care Tips: Hand wash or dry clean gently, inside out, to protect the foil finish. Avoid high heat and direct sunlight.

Fusible

Fusible fabrics are materials that have been treated with a heat-activated adhesive on one side. They are used to provide structure, support, or reinforcement to garments, especially in collars, cuffs, and facings. Fusible interfacing is a common type, easily attached with an iron.

Care Tips: Follow the fabric care instructions, avoiding direct heat on the fusible side to prevent melting the adhesive.

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Gabardine

Gabardine is a durable, tightly woven fabric with a twill weave, known for its diagonal ribs on the face. Traditionally made from wool but also available in cotton, polyester, and blends, gabardine is water-resistant and wrinkle-resistant, making it ideal for suits, trousers, uniforms, and overcoats. Its smooth finish and ability to hold shape well make it a popular choice for tailored garments.

Care Tips: Wool gabardine should be dry-cleaned to maintain its texture and finish. Cotton and synthetic gabardines can be machine washed in cold water and hung to dry.

Gauze

Gauze is a lightweight, loosely woven fabric, typically made from cotton or silk. It's characterised by its open weave, which gives it a breathable and airy quality, ideal for medical dressings, lightweight summer clothing, and sheer curtains. The cotton gauzes' softness and lightness make it particularly suitable for delicate, comfortable garments and layering pieces.

Care Tips: Gently machine wash or hand wash in cold water, then air dry. Due to its delicate nature, avoid harsh detergents and heavy wringing.

Georgette

Georgette is a lightweight, semi-sheer fabric with a crinkled texture, made from silk or synthetic fibres like polyester. It's characterised by its bouncy, flowing drape, making it a favorite for blouses, dresses, scarves, and evening wear. The fabric's slight stretch and resilience to creasing are appreciated in garments that require movement and elegance.

Care Tips: Silk georgette should be dry-cleaned or hand-washed gently in cold water. Synthetic georgette can often be machine washed on a gentle cycle.

Gin

In the context of textiles, "gin" refers to the process of "ginning," which is the separation of cotton fibres from their seeds. This process is crucial in the production of cotton fabric, as it prepares the raw cotton for spinning into yarn. The term "cotton gin," invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, revolutionised the cotton industry by greatly increasing the efficiency of cotton processing.

Care Tips: Not applicable, as "gin" pertains to a stage in cotton production rather than a fabric care instruction.

Gingham

Gingham is a medium-weight, yarn-dyed, plain-weave cotton fabric, featuring a checked pattern of white and a bold colour. It's known for its versatility and timeless appeal, used in shirts, dresses, tablecloths, and kitchen linens. Gingham's balanced check pattern offers a casual, yet classic look for various fashion and home décor items.

Care Tips: Machine washable in warm water. Tumble dry on low and remove promptly to reduce wrinkling. Iron on a cotton setting if necessary.

Grosgrain

Grosgrain is a firm, closely woven ribbon or fabric characterised by its ribbed appearance. Made from silk, nylon, or polyester, grosgrain is commonly used for ribbons, trimmings, waistbands, and hatbands. Its durability and crisp texture make it a popular choice for decorative and functional uses in apparel and accessories.

Care Tips: Hand wash or dry clean, depending on the fabric blend. Iron on a low setting with a pressing cloth to avoid damaging the ribs.

Grain

Grain refers to the direction of the yarns in a fabric. The "straight grain" runs parallel to the selvage and has minimal stretch, providing stability to the fabric. The "cross grain" runs perpendicular to the selvage and offers slightly more stretch. Understanding fabric grain is crucial for proper pattern placement and achieving the desired drape and fit in sewing projects.

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Habutai (or Habotai)

Habutai, often referred to as "China silk," is a lightweight, soft, and smooth silk fabric. It's known for its glossy sheen and fluid drape, making it ideal for linings, scarves, and lightweight blouses. Habutai is relatively affordable compared to other silk fabrics, offering a touch of luxury without the high price tag.

Care Tips: Gentle hand wash or dry clean to maintain its delicate texture and sheen. Use cool water and avoid wringing out to prevent damage.

Herringbone

Herringbone is a distinctive V-shaped weaving pattern resembling the skeleton of a herring fish. This classic pattern is used in wool, cotton, and tweed fabrics, popular for suits, coats, and home textiles. Herringbone's intricate pattern adds depth and texture, making it a favourite for both traditional and contemporary designs.

Care Tips: Depending on the fibre content, most herringbone fabrics should be dry-cleaned to preserve the pattern's integrity and fabric's texture.

Hemp

Hemp fabric is made from the fibres of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa. It's known for its durability, strength, and eco-friendly properties, as hemp requires minimal pesticides and water to grow. Hemp fabric softens with each wash, making it ideal for clothing, bags, and home textiles. It's breathable, absorbent, and has natural antimicrobial properties.

Care Tips: Machine wash on a gentle cycle in cold or warm water. Hemp softens over time, so minimal care is needed. Tumble dry on low or air dry.

Hessian

Hessian, known as burlap in North America, is a coarse, woven fabric made from jute or sisal fibres. It's durable and can be used for sacks, rugs, and upholstery. Hessian's rustic texture also makes it popular for craft projects, wedding decorations, and as a garden fabric to protect plants.

Care Tips: Spot clean or gently hand wash with mild detergent. Air dry to prevent shrinkage and maintain the fabric's integrity.

Homespun

Homespun fabric is a simple, loosely woven cloth made traditionally at home. It's characterised by its rustic appearance, often made from wool or cotton. Homespun fabric is valued for its handmade quality and is used in quilting, rustic clothing, and country-style décor.

Care Tips: Wash gently in cold water to preserve the natural fibres and handmade texture. Air dry flat to prevent shrinking.

Honeycomb

Honeycomb fabric features a waffle-like, cellular structure that provides excellent absorbency and breathability. This texture not only adds visual interest but also increases the fabric's surface area, making it ideal for towels, bathrobes, and blankets. Honeycomb fabrics can be made from cotton, microfibre, and blends, offering a cosy, lightweight feel.

Care Tips: Machine washable in warm water with similar colours. Tumble dry on low heat to maintain softness and texture. Avoid fabric softeners, as they can reduce absorbency.

Houndstooth

Houndstooth is a classic woven pattern characterised by broken checks or abstract four-pointed shapes, often in black and white. Originating from Scotland, this distinctive, duotone pattern is traditionally used in woolen outerwear but has since been adopted in various fabrics for suits, dresses, and home décor. Houndstooth's geometric pattern adds a sophisticated and timeless elegance to any piece, making it a popular choice for both fashion and interior design.

Care Tips: The care for houndstooth fabric depends largely on the base material. Woolen houndstooth should be dry-cleaned to preserve the fabric's texture and colour integrity. For cotton or synthetic blends, machine wash on a gentle cycle in cold water and lay flat to dry. Always refer to the garment's care label for specific instructions.

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Ikat

Ikat is a dyeing technique used to pattern textiles that employs resist dyeing on the yarns before dyeing and weaving the fabric. In ikat, the resist is formed by binding individual yarns or bundles of yarns with a tight wrapping applied in the desired pattern. The yarns are then dyed. The unique characteristic of ikat fabrics is their blurred appearance, resulting from the difficulty in aligning dyed yarns precisely during the weaving process. Ikat is used for dresses, tops, and decorative home textiles.

Care Tips: Hand wash or dry clean to preserve the fabric's colours and texture. Use cold water and mild detergent if hand washing.

Insulation

Insulation fabrics are materials designed to retain heat and provide warmth. They are used in outdoor and performance wear, such as jackets and sleeping bags. These fabrics can be made from natural fibres like wool or high-tech synthetic materials that offer lightweight warmth and moisture-wicking properties.

Care Tips: Follow the garment's care label, as washing and drying methods vary depending on the insulation material. Generally, gentle cycles and low heat are recommended.

Interfacing

Interfacing is a textile used on the unseen or "wrong" side of fabrics to make an area of a garment more rigid or to add body and stability. It can be sewn-in or fusible, and it comes in various weights and stiffness to match different fabric types and uses. Interfacing is essential for areas like collars, cuffs, waistbands, and button plackets.

Care Tips: Follow the specific care instructions for the type of interfacing used, as heat and washing methods can vary.

Interlining

Interlining is a layer of fabric inserted between the outer fabric and the lining of a garment, used to provide additional warmth, bulk, or support. It is commonly used in coats, jackets, and other winter wear. Interlining can be made from various materials, including cotton, wool, and synthetic fibres.

Care Tips: The care for interlined garments depends on the outer fabric and interlining material. Generally, dry cleaning is recommended to ensure all layers are properly maintained.

Interlock

Interlock fabric is a type of knit that is double knit, making it thicker and more stable than single knit fabrics. It has a smooth surface on both sides, making it reversible. Interlock is stretchy and comfortable, ideal for T-shirts, leggings, baby clothes, and athletic wear.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low. Use a gentle detergent and avoid high heat to prevent shrinking.

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Jacquard

Jacquard is a highly textured fabric with patterns that are woven, rather than printed, into the fabric. This technique is made possible by the Jacquard loom, an invention that allows individual control of each of the warp threads, creating intricate and detailed designs. Jacquard fabrics can be made from a variety of fibres, including silk, cotton, and synthetic blends, and are used in both apparel and home décor for items such as dresses, jackets, and upholstery.

Care Tips: Care varies with fibre content; silk and cotton jacquards should be dry-cleaned to preserve their texture and colour, while synthetic jacquards may be more forgiving and can often be machine washed on a gentle cycle.

Jersey

Jersey is a soft, stretchy knit fabric made from cotton, wool, or synthetic fibres. It's known for its elasticity and comfort, making it a popular choice for a wide range of clothing, including T-shirts, dresses, and underwear. Jersey fabric can vary in weight and stretch, with some types suitable for lightweight tops and others for more structured garments.

Care Tips: Most jersey fabrics can be machine washed and tumble dried on low settings. Use a gentle detergent and avoid high heat to prevent shrinking and preserve the fabric's stretch.

Jersey Knit

Jersey knit refers specifically to the single knit construction of jersey fabric, characterised by its smooth surface on the right side and a textured back. This type of knit offers moderate stretch and is ideal for creating comfortable, form-fitting garments that accommodate movement.

Care Tips: Follow the same care instructions as for jersey fabric, emphasising gentle washing and drying to maintain the fabric's integrity and appearance.

Jute

Jute is a natural fibre derived from the jute plant, primarily grown in India, Bangladesh, and China. It's known for its strength, durability, and sustainability, making it an eco-friendly choice for bags, rugs, and agricultural uses like burlap sacks. Jute fabric, also known as hessian or burlap in different regions, has a coarse, rustic texture and is biodegradable.

Care Tips: Jute should be spot cleaned or dry-cleaned to preserve its texture and shape. Avoid prolonged exposure to moisture, as it can degrade the fibres.

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Kapok

Kapok is a natural fibre obtained from the seed pods of the kapok tree. It's known for its lightness and buoyancy, making it an ideal filling for life jackets, pillows, and upholstery. Kapok is hypoallergenic, making it suitable for those with allergies to other natural fibres like wool or down.

Care Tips: Kapok-filled items should be spot cleaned or dry-cleaned, as the fibre can clump when wet and lose its loft.

Kersey

Kersey is a coarse, woollen cloth historically used for making durable jackets and uniforms. It features a twill weave that gives it a robust texture, making it suitable for heavy-duty wear. While less common today, kersey wool is still appreciated for its historical significance and durability in outerwear.

Care Tips: Due to its woollen nature, kersey should be dry-cleaned to maintain its texture and prevent shrinking.

Khaki

Khaki is a colour and fabric often used in military uniforms, characterised by its light brown or olive shade. The fabric itself is typically made from cotton, wool, or synthetic fibres, offering durability and comfort. It's widely used in casual wear, workwear, and outdoor apparel due to its versatility and neutral colour.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water with similar colours. Tumble dry on low heat and iron if necessary, using appropriate settings for the fabric type.

Knitting

Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric. It's used in creating a variety of clothing items and accessories. Knitting can be done by hand or machine and produces distinct patterns such as rib, stockinette, and cable. Fabrics made from knitting are elastic, breathable, and can vary in warmth and weight.

Care Tips: Care varies based on the yarn used. Hand-knit items often require gentle hand washing in cool water, while machine-knit fabrics may have more specific care instructions.

Knit Fabrics

Knit fabrics are textiles that result from knitting, characterised by their stretchy properties. They can range from lightweight and sheer, like some hosiery, to heavy and dense, like sweater knits. Knit fabrics are used in a variety of garments, offering comfort and flexibility.

Care Tips: Most knit fabrics can be machine washed on a gentle cycle and tumble dried on low heat. Avoid high heat and excessive agitation to prevent shrinking and stretching.

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Lace

Lace is a delicate fabric made of yarn or thread in an open weblike pattern, created by machine or hand. Traditionally made from silk, cotton, or synthetic fibres, lace features intricate designs and is used in a wide range of garments, including wedding dresses, lingerie, and as decorative trim.

Care Tips: Hand wash gently in cool water with a mild detergent or dry clean, depending on the fibre content. Lay flat to dry.

Lambswool

Lambswool is the first shearing of a sheep, considered high-quality wool known for its softness, warmth, and elasticity. It's used in premium knitwear, including sweaters, scarves, and blankets. Lambswool provides excellent insulation while being lightweight.

Care Tips: Hand wash in cool water with a wool-specific detergent or dry clean. Lay flat to dry away from direct heat.

Lamé

Lamé is a woven fabric using thin ribbons of metallic fibres, often gold or silver, combined with polyester or nylon, creating a shiny surface. It's used in evening wear and costumes for its dramatic effect.

Care Tips: Dry clean only to preserve the metallic fibres. Avoid ironing directly on the fabric to prevent melting or damage.

Lawn

Lawn cloth or lawn is a plain weave fabric originally made of linen but now it is mainly a cotton fabric. The term "lawn" derives from "Laon", a city in France, which produced large quantities of linen lawn. It is made using fine, high count yarns which results in a silky feel, the higher the yarn count in the cloth and the finer the yarn the silkier the fabric will be, such as Liberty Tana lawn or a Pima cotton lawn fabric. It's known for its semi-transparent quality, making it perfect for summer dresses, blouses, and handkerchiefs. Cotton lawn can be plain or printed with various designs

Care Tips: Machine washable in cold water. Tumble dry on low heat and iron while damp for a smooth finish.

Leather

Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skins. It's used in a variety of products, including jackets, shoes, bags, and furniture. Leather is prized for its longevity and ability to age gracefully.

Care Tips: Clean with a damp cloth and use leather conditioner to maintain its suppleness. Store away from direct sunlight and heat sources.

Leatherette

Leatherette, also known as faux leather or synthetic leather, is a material intended to substitute for leather in fields such as upholstery, clothing, and accessories. Made from a plastic base and treated to emulate the texture and appearance of leather, leatherette offers an ethical and cost-effective alternative to genuine leather. It's durable, easy to clean, and available in a variety of colours and patterns.

Care Tips: Wipe clean with a damp cloth. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and heat to prevent cracking and fading.

Linen

Linen is a natural fibre made from the flax plant, renowned for its strength, absorbency, and breathability. It's one of the oldest textile fibres used by humans. Linen fabric is valued for its cool, fresh feel in hot weather, making it ideal for summer clothing, bed linens, and tablecloths. Linen's natural texture and slight irregularities add to its charm and elegance.

Care Tips: Machine wash on a gentle cycle in lukewarm or cold water with mild detergent. Air dry or tumble dry on low heat. Remove while still damp to iron easily.

Loom

A loom is a device used to weave cloth. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. Modern looms can range from simple hand-operated frames to complex computer-controlled machines, essential for fabric production.

Lurex

Lurex is a brand name for a type of yarn with a metallic appearance. It's made from synthetic film, onto which a metallic aluminium, silver, or gold layer has been vaporised. Lurex is often woven into fabrics, adding a glittery effect to clothing, accessories, and home décor.

Care Tips: Hand wash or dry clean, depending on the base fabric. Avoid high heat and abrasive surfaces.

Lycra

Lycra is a brand name for a type of elastic polyurethane fibre, also known as spandex or elastane, known for its exceptional elasticity. It's often blended with other fibres to provide stretch and improve the fit, shape retention, and comfort of garments. Lycra is used in a wide range of clothing, from activewear and swimwear to hosiery and underwear.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low or hang to dry. Avoid high heat and chlorine bleach to maintain elasticity.

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M

Madras

Madras is a lightweight cotton fabric, known for its colourful plaid patterns and breathability. Originating from Madras (now Chennai) in India, it's ideal for summer clothing like shorts, dresses, and shirts. The fabric often features a mix of bright colours, making each piece unique.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water to preserve colours. Tumble dry on low and remove promptly to avoid wrinkles.

Marl

Marl fabric is made by twisting together different coloured yarns, typically to create a mottled or heathered effect. This technique can be applied to various types of yarn, such as cotton, wool, and synthetic fibres, producing a textured appearance that adds depth and interest to garments and textiles.

Care Tips: Care depends on the fibre content; generally, machine wash on a gentle cycle and tumble dry on low.

Mechanical Stretch

Mechanical stretch fabrics achieve elasticity not through the use of elastic fibres but through the fabric's structure, such as a knit or the way it's woven. This allows the fabric to have a degree of stretch without spandex or elastane, offering comfort and flexibility in garments like trousers and jackets.

Care Tips: Follow care instructions based on the fabric's composition, usually involving a gentle wash and avoiding high heat to maintain stretch properties.

Melton

Melton is a dense, felted wool fabric known for its smooth surface and excellent wind resistance. It's heavily brushed and compacted, making it ideal for outerwear like coats and jackets. Melton fabric provides warmth and durability, with a finish that resists pilling and moisture.

Care Tips: Dry clean to preserve the fabric's texture and colour.

Mercerise (Mercerisation)

Mercerisation is a textile finishing treatment for cotton and cotton-blend fabrics that increases lustre, strength, and dye affinity. Through immersion in a sodium hydroxide solution, cotton fibres swell, straighten, and become more reflective and silk-like in appearance. Mercerised cotton is used in fine linens, sewing thread, and high-quality clothing for its enhanced properties.

Care Tips: Follow specific care instructions provided with the fabric, as mercerised cotton can generally be machine washed and ironed at a cotton setting.

Merino Wool

Merino wool is a high-quality, natural fibre obtained from Merino sheep, renowned for its softness, warmth, and moisture-wicking properties. It's finer than regular wool, making it non-itchy and comfortable against the skin. Merino wool is used in performance wear, luxury knitwear, and thermal clothing.

Care Tips: Hand wash in cool water with a wool-specific detergent or dry clean. Lay flat to dry away from direct heat.

Mesh

Mesh is a fabric with an open, net-like structure, made from polyester, nylon, or metal. It's lightweight and breathable, used in athletic wear, bags, and as a lining material for improved ventilation. Mesh adds functionality and style to sportswear and outdoor gear.

Care Tips: Machine wash on a gentle cycle and air dry. Avoid high heat and abrasive surfaces.

Microfibre

Microfibre is a synthetic fabric made from ultra-fine fibres of polyester, nylon, or a blend, known for its softness, durability, and absorbency. It's used in cleaning cloths, athletic wear, upholstery, and microfibre towels. Microfibre's tight weave makes it effective at trapping dirt and moisture.

Care Tips: Machine wash with similar non-linting materials. Avoid fabric softeners and bleach to maintain absorbency.

Mikado

Mikado is a type of blended silk fabric, known for its substantial weight and slight sheen. It has a firm texture that holds its shape, making it popular for structured gowns, bridal wear, and formal dresses. Mikado blends the luxury of silk with improved durability and wrinkle resistance.

Care Tips: Dry clean only to preserve the fabric's structure and finish.

Modal

Modal is a type of rayon, a semi-synthetic fabric made from beech tree pulp. Known for its softness and high absorbency, modal is more durable and less prone to shrinking than traditional rayon. Modal fabric is used in underwear, pajamas, and sportswear.

Care Tips: Machine wash on gentle cycle in cold water and tumble dry on low. Avoid high heat.

Mohair

Mohair is a silk-like fabric made from the hair of the Angora goat. It's durable, lightweight, and has a high lustre and sheen. Mohair is used in sweaters, scarves, suits, and upholstery for its warmth, insulation, and distinctive fuzzy texture.

Care Tips: Hand wash in cool water or dry clean. Lay flat to dry away from direct sunlight.

Moiré

Moire is a fabric with a distinctive wavy or watermarked appearance, usually produced on silk, cotton, or rayon. This effect is achieved through a finishing process called calendering, where the fabric is pressed between engraved rollers. Moire is used in formal wear, accessories, and interior decorations for its elegant sheen.

Care Tips: Dry clean only to maintain the unique finish and prevent water spots.

Moleskin

Moleskin is a heavy cotton fabric, brushed on one side to create a soft, suede-like feel. It's durable and wind-resistant, making it popular for workwear, trousers, and outdoor garments. Despite its name, moleskin contains no animal products.

Care Tips: Machine washable in cold water. Tumble dry on low and iron on a medium setting if necessary.

Molton

Molton is a heavy, densely woven cotton fabric, brushed on both sides to create a soft, absorbent surface. It's commonly used for stage curtains, soundproofing, and protective coverings due to its thickness and durability.

Care Tips: Wash in warm water with mild detergent. Tumble dry on low heat and remove promptly to minimise shrinkage.

Mouflon

Mouflon refers to a type of fabric that is brushed to create a thick, fleece-like texture on one or both sides. Mouflon fabric is often used in thermal clothing, babywear, and blankets for its warmth and softness.

Care Tips: Wash in warm water with similar colours and tumble dry on low heat.

Muslin

Muslin is an open weave, lightweight, breathable cotton fabric, typically used for dressmaking as a mock-up before cutting the final fabric. It's also popular in culinary applications, straining, and home décor. Muslin varies in weight and can be bleached or unbleached.

Care Tips: Machine wash in warm water and tumble dry on a gentle cycle.

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Nap

Nap refers to the raised surface on certain fabrics that gives them a soft, fuzzy texture. This texture is created during the finishing process, where fibres are lifted to form a plush surface, such as on velvet, corduroy, or flannel. The direction of the nap can affect the fabric's appearance and feel, as well as how it reflects light. Fabrics with a nap require careful handling during sewing and pattern layout to ensure that all pieces are cut in the same direction for a uniform look.

Care Tips: For napped fabrics, brush in the direction of the nap for cleaning. Machine wash gently in cold water, tumble dry low. Iron on reverse or with a pressing cloth to protect the nap.

Needlecord

Needlecord, also known as pinwale corduroy, features very fine, closely set ribs. It's softer and more flexible than standard corduroy, making it suitable for clothing like shirts, dresses, and lightweight trousers. Needlecord adds texture and depth to garments while remaining comfortable and stylish.

Care Tips: Machine wash on a gentle cycle and tumble dry on low. Iron inside out to avoid flattening the ribs.

Net

Net fabric is an open mesh material, which can vary in stiffness and hole size. It's used for a variety of purposes, including tutus, veils, and as a base for embellished fabrics. Netting is also utilised in outdoor gear and mosquito nets for its breathable yet protective qualities.

Care Tips: Gently hand wash or machine wash on a delicate cycle, then air dry. Avoid stretching to maintain the shape.

Noil

Noil is a type of silk made from the short fibres left after combing and carding, giving it a nubby texture similar to cotton. Silk noil has a more matte finish than traditional silk and offers a softer, more absorbent fabric. It's used in casual wear and home textiles.

Care Tips: Hand wash in cool water with a mild detergent or dry clean. Lay flat to dry away from direct sunlight.

Non-static

Non-static fabrics are materials treated or woven to reduce static electricity build-up, which can be a common issue with synthetic fibres. These fabrics are ideal for undergarments, hosiery, and other clothing where static cling is undesirable.

Care Tips: Follow the garment's specific care instructions. Washing with a fabric softener can often help reduce static.

Nylon

Nylon (see polyamide) is a synthetic polymer, known for its strength, elasticity, and resistance to abrasion and chemicals. It's widely used in a variety of textiles, from hosiery and swimwear to carpets and outdoor gear. Nylon fabrics are quick-drying and maintain their shape well, making them ideal for performance wear.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low heat. Avoid ironing at high temperatures to prevent melting.

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O

Oil Cloth

Oil cloth refers to a heavy cotton or linen fabric coated with a waterproof layer of oil or synthetic resin, making it durable and easy to clean. It's commonly used for tablecloths, outdoor furniture covers, and bags. Modern oil cloth comes in a variety of prints and colours.

Care Tips: Wipe clean with a damp cloth. Avoid washing or ironing, which can damage the waterproof coating.

Organdy/­Organdie

Organdy or Organdie is a lightweight, sheer cotton fabric, known for its crispness and semi-transparent quality, achieved through a chemical finish that provides its characteristic stiffness. This dress fabric has a fine texture and graceful drape, making it ideal for bridal wear, evening dresses, curtains, and decorative applications where a delicate, airy effect is desired. Organdy is often used for undergarments, children's dresses, and as an overlay fabric to add volume and elegance to gowns.

Care Tips: Organdy fabric requires gentle handling to maintain its crisp texture. It should be hand washed or dry cleaned, using cool water and a mild detergent. Ironing should be done on a low heat setting with a pressing cloth to protect the fabric's delicate surface. Avoid wringing or twisting the fabric to prevent wrinkles and distortion. Air dry flat away from direct sunlight to preserve the fabric's colour and finish.

Organic

Organic fabrics are made from materials grown without the use of synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, or genetically modified organisms, adhering to organic agricultural standards. Common organic fabrics include cotton, linen, and wool, known for their sustainability and reduced environmental impact.

Care Tips: Wash in cold water with eco-friendly detergents. Tumble dry on low or air dry to maintain fabric integrity and minimise environmental impact.

Organza

Organza is a thin, sheer fabric traditionally made from silk, though synthetic versions like polyester are also common. It's characterised by its stiff texture and slight sheen, making it popular for bridal wear, evening gowns, and as a layering fabric in apparel and decor.

Care Tips: Hand wash in cool water with a mild detergent or dry clean. Iron on a low heat setting with a pressing cloth to avoid scorching.

Oxford

Oxford fabric is a versatile, basket-weave cotton material known for its durability and softness. Traditionally used in Oxford shirts, it features a slightly textured appearance and breathable quality, making it suitable for casual to formal wear. The fabric can be found in various weights for different seasons and occasions.

Care Tips: Machine wash in warm water with similar colours. Tumble dry on low heat and iron if necessary.

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Paisley

Paisley refers to a droplet-shaped vegetal motif of Persian origin, commonly used in fabric prints. It's featured in a variety of textiles, from clothing and accessories to home décor, celebrated for its intricate design and rich symbolism. Take a look at our range here.

Care Tips: Care instructions vary with fabric type; generally, wash according to the base material's guidelines

Panama

Panama fabric is a medium to heavyweight fabric known for its basket weave structure, giving it durability and a distinctive texture. It's often used in suits, jackets, and home décor for its robustness.

Care Tips: Dry clean recommended to maintain the texture and shape of the fabric.

Panne Velvet

Panne velvet is a type of crushed velvet where the pile has been pressed in one direction, giving it a high lustre and sheen. It's used in evening wear, costumes, and soft furnishings for its dramatic effect.

Care Tips: Hand wash or dry clean, depending on the base fabric. Avoid pressing directly on the pile to prevent crushing.

Pashmina

Pashmina refers to a type of fine cashmere wool and the textiles made from it, known for their softness, light weight, and warmth. Pashmina shawls and scarves are highly valued for their quality and elegance.

Care Tips: Hand wash gently in lukewarm water using a mild detergent. Lay flat to dry away from direct heat and sunlight.

Peau de Soie

Peau de Soie is a medium to heavyweight satin fabric known for its dull lustre and smooth, soft texture. It's a popular choice for bridal and evening wear, offering a luxurious feel with a more subdued sheen than traditional satin.

Care Tips: Dry clean only to preserve the fabric's texture and sheen.

Percale

Percale refers to a closely woven, plain-weave fabric typically made from cotton or cotton-polyester blends. It's known for its crisp, smooth feel and matte finish, making it a popular choice for high-quality bed linens.

Care Tips: Machine washable in warm water with a gentle detergent. Tumble dry on low and iron if desired for a crisp finish.

Pile

Pile refers to the raised surface or nap of a fabric, made from upright loops or strands of yarn. Fabrics like velvet, terry cloth, and plush have a pile, contributing to their texture, warmth, and softness.

Care Tips: For pile fabrics, vacuum or brush regularly to maintain texture. Clean according to the specific fabric type, using gentle methods to avoid flattening the pile.

Pima Cotton

Pima Cotton is a high-quality cotton known for its long fibre length, which contributes to the fabric's softness, durability, and resistance to pilling. It's used in premium clothing and bedding products, offering superior comfort and absorbency compared to standard cotton.

Care Tips: Machine wash in warm water with like colours and tumble dry on low. Remove promptly to minimise wrinkles.

Piqué

Piqué fabric features a textured weave that creates a raised, geometric pattern. Its unique weave makes it breathable and comfortable, ideal for polo shirts and summer dresses. Cotton piqué is the most common, though it can also be found in synthetic blends.

Care Tips: Wash in cool to warm water and tumble dry on a medium setting. Iron on the reverse side to preserve the texture.

Plaid

Plaid is a pattern consisting of crisscrossed horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colours. Originally associated with tartan and Scottish kilts, plaid is now used in a variety of fabrics and garments, including shirts, dresses, and blankets. The pattern offers a classic or rustic look, depending on its colours and context.

Care Tips: Wash according to the base fabric's care instructions, typically in cold water to preserve colours and prevent shrinkage.

Plissé

Plissé is recognised for its puckered or crinkled effect, achieved through a chemical treatment that causes the fabric to shrink in areas, creating a textured surface without the need for ironing. Plisse fabric is lightweight and comfortable, perfect for dresses, skirts, and blouses.

Care Tips: Gentle washing is recommended, either by hand or on a delicate machine cycle, to maintain the crinkled effect.

Plush

Plush is a fabric with a cut nap or pile, giving it a soft, luxurious texture similar to velvet but with a longer pile. It's often used in upholstery, toys (notably teddy bears), and warm clothing.

Care Tips: Clean plush fabrics with a vacuum and a soft brush attachment. Spot clean or dry clean when necessary, avoiding excessive moisture.

Ply

Ply refers to the number of threads twisted together to make a single thread of yarn used in textiles. Fabrics can be single-ply or multiple-ply, affecting their weight, durability, and texture. Higher-ply fabrics are often denser and more luxurious.

Care Tips: The care of ply fabrics depends on the material composition; follow the specific care instructions provided for the fabric.

Polyamide

Polyamide, commonly known as nylon, is a synthetic polymer renowned for its high strength, elasticity, and resistance to wear and tear. It's widely used in a variety of textiles, from activewear and swimwear to carpets and outdoor equipment, offering durability and quick-drying properties.

Care Tips: Machine wash polyamide fabrics in cold water and tumble dry on low heat. Avoid ironing at high temperatures to prevent melting.

Polycotton

Polycotton is a blend of polyester and cotton, combining the best qualities of both fibres. It's durable, wrinkle-resistant, and maintains its shape well, while also offering the comfort and breathability of cotton. 

Care Tips: Machine washable in warm water. Tumble dry on a low setting and iron if necessary. Avoid high heat to prevent shrinkage and protect the fabric's integrity.

Polyester

Polyester is a widely used synthetic fibre that offers exceptional strength, durability, and resistance to shrinking and wrinkling. It's often used alone or blended with natural fibres to enhance the properties of garments, including improved washability and reduced care requirements. Polyester fabrics are versatile, used in everything from active wear to formal attire and home textiles.

Care Tips: Easily cared for by machine washing and drying. Use low heat to prevent melting or warping of the fibres.

Polyethylene

Polyethylene is a lightweight, durable synthetic resin used in the production of a wide range of textiles, including waterproof and protective clothing. It's known for its resistance to moisture and chemicals.

Care Tips: Wipe clean with a damp cloth. For tougher stains, use mild soap and water, avoiding solvents and high temperatures.

Polyurethane (PU)

Polyurethane fabric is a synthetic material that can be made to resemble leather, suede, or rubber. It's flexible, waterproof, and often used in outerwear, shoes, and bags.

Care Tips: Wipe with a damp cloth for cleaning. Use mild soap for tougher stains. Avoid heat and direct sunlight.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a synthetic plastic polymer used in a wide range of products, including waterproof clothing, faux leather materials, and upholstery. PVC fabrics are known for their durability, ease of cleaning, and resistance to water and wind.

Care Tips: Wipe clean with a damp cloth. For tougher stains, use a mild soap solution. Avoid using solvents or ironing, as high heat can damage the material.

Pongee

Pongee is a soft, lightweight fabric originally made from raw silk, giving it a slightly irregular texture and a beautiful drape. It's commonly used in blouses, dresses, and scarves, as well as in lining for high-quality garments.

Care Tips: Hand wash in cool water with a mild detergent or dry clean to preserve the fabric's natural sheen and texture.

Ponte (Ponte di Roma)

Ponte di Roma, or simply Ponte, is a double-knit fabric with a smooth surface and stable structure. It offers moderate stretch and is thicker than single-knit fabrics, making it suitable for structured knit garments like leggings, dresses, and tunics.

Care Tips: Machine wash on a gentle cycle and lay flat to dry. Avoid high heat when drying and ironing.

Poplin

Poplin is a tightly woven fabric known for its fine warp yarns and thicker weft yarns, resulting in a strong, durable material with a smooth, crisp texture. Originally made from silk, modern poplin is commonly crafted from cotton, polyester, or blends, making it versatile for shirts, dresses, and lightweight pants. Its minimalistic texture provides a clean, professional look.

Care Tips: Cotton poplin can be machine washed and ironed at a high temperature, while synthetic blends may require lower temperatures to avoid damage.

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Quarters

In fabric and craft terminology, "quarters" refer to quarter-yard cuts of fabric, commonly used in quilting and small sewing projects. There are two types:

• Fat Quarter: A quarter-yard of fabric that is cut to produce a wider, shorter piece (typically 18" x 22"), allowing for more versatility in cutting shapes and patterns.
• Long Quarter: A traditional quarter-yard cut, measuring 9" x 44", which is narrower and longer, following the fabric's lengthwise grain.

Quick Dry

Quick-dry fabrics are designed to wick moisture away from the body and evaporate it quickly, keeping the wearer dry and comfortable. These materials, often made from polyester or nylon, are ideal for activewear, outdoor apparel, and travel clothing due to their performance and ease of care.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low or hang to dry. Avoid fabric softeners, which can inhibit the quick-dry properties.

Quilted Fabric

Quilted fabric refers to any fabric that has been stitched together with a layer of batting or wadding in between, creating a three-dimensional, padded effect. It's used for thermal clothing, protective gear, and home textiles like blankets and bedspreads. Quilted fabric can be made from cotton, polyester, and other materials, offering various levels of warmth and comfort.

Care Tips: Wash quilted fabrics according to the outer material's instructions, usually on a gentle cycle. Dry on low heat and fluff or shake out to maintain the loft of the batting.

Quilting

Quilting is the process of sewing two or more layers of fabric together to create a padded material. This technique is often used to make quilts, but it's also applied in the production of jackets, bags, and home décor items. Quilting not only adds warmth but also allows for artistic expression through the use of various patterns and designs.

Care Tips: Care for quilted items varies depending on the fabric and filling material. Generally, machine wash on a gentle cycle with cold water and tumble dry on low heat. Avoid high heat to preserve the layers' integrity.

Quilting Hoop

A quilting hoop is a tool used to stretch and hold the fabric taut while hand quilting. Made from wood or plastic, these hoops come in various sizes and help ensure even stitching and prevent puckering. They're similar to embroidery hoops but are typically larger to accommodate the size of quilting projects.

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Ramie

Ramie is a natural fibre, similar to linen, known for its strength, lustre, and resistance to bacteria and mildew. It's used in apparel, home textiles, and as a blend with other fibres to enhance durability and moisture absorption. Ramie fabrics offer a crisp texture and elegant appearance.

Care Tips: Hand wash or machine wash on a gentle cycle with cold water. Tumble dry on low heat or air dry. Iron while damp.

Raschel

Raschel fabric is a type of knit fabric produced on a Raschel machine, capable of creating intricate patterns and designs. It's used for lace, athletic wear, and home textiles, offering durability and flexibility. Raschel knits can range from lightweight and sheer to thick and opaque.

Care Tips: Follow care labels, typically involving machine washing on gentle cycles and air drying to preserve the fabric's structure and design.

Rayon

Rayon (viscose) is a versatile, semi-synthetic fibre made from cellulose, offering a soft, smooth texture that drapes beautifully. Known for its silk-like feel, rayon is used in a wide range of garments, from blouses and dresses to linings. It combines the comfort of natural fibres with the practicality of man-made materials.

Care Tips: Handle gently; machine wash on a delicate cycle or hand wash in cold water. Avoid wringing out. Lay flat or hang to dry. Iron on a low setting.

Recycled

Recycled fabrics are made from reclaimed fibres, garments, or plastics, reducing waste and the use of virgin resources. These materials, including recycled polyester and cotton, support sustainability in fashion by minimising environmental impact. Recycled fabrics are used in everything from casual wear to outdoor gear.

Care Tips: Follow specific care instructions provided with the fabric, as recycled materials can vary in care needs.

Rib

Rib fabric is characterised by its vertical ribs or raised stripes, offering elasticity and structure. It's commonly used in cuffs, collars, and as a stretchy component in casual wear, such as T-shirts and tank tops. Rib knit provides comfort and durability, making it a staple in knitwear.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low. Stretch gently to shape while damp if necessary.

Ribbon

Ribbon is a narrow, flexible strip of fabric, traditionally made from silk, satin, or velvet, but also available in synthetic materials. It's used for decorative purposes, including trimming, bow making, and craft projects. Ribbons come in various widths, colours, and patterns, adding a decorative touch to garments, accessories, and gifts.

Care Tips: Care varies by material. Silk and satin ribbons should be gently hand washed, while polyester ribbons can often be machine washed on a delicate cycle.

Ripstop

Ripstop fabrics are woven fabrics, often made from nylon or polyester, that use a special reinforcing technique to make them resistant to tearing and ripping. During weaving, thicker reinforcement threads are interwoven at regular intervals in a crosshatch pattern. This distinctive structure gives ripstop fabrics a slightly squared appearance and ensures that any tears or rips do not spread easily. Ripstop is lightweight yet durable, making it ideal for outdoor gear, camping equipment, flags, and lightweight jackets.

Care Tips: Ripstop fabrics can generally be machine washed in cold water and tumble dried on a low setting. Avoid using fabric softeners, as they can degrade the fabric's water-resistant coatings. For ripstop fabrics with waterproof or other special finishes, refer to the manufacturer's care instructions to maintain their functionality and integrity.

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Sailcloth

Sailcloth is a strong, durable fabric designed for use in sails but also used in fashion for bags, shoes, and jackets. It's made from natural fibres like cotton or flax and synthetic fibres like polyester or nylon, treated to resist water and wind.

Care Tips: Clean with mild soap and water, avoiding harsh detergents. Air dry away from direct sunlight.

Sanforized

Sanforized refers to a pre-shrinking fabric treatment that limits the shrinkage of cotton fabrics to less than 1%. This process, patented by Sanford Lockwood Cluett in 1930, involves stretching and shrinking the fabric before it's made into garments, ensuring a more consistent fit after washing.

Care Tips: Sanforized fabrics can be machine washed and dried with minimal risk of shrinking. Follow specific garment care instructions for the best results.

Sarille

Sarille is a synthetic, non-woven fabric used primarily for interlining and upholstery. It's known for its durability and resistance to shrinking and stretching, making it an excellent choice for providing structure and support in various sewing projects.

Care Tips: Clean with a damp cloth or vacuum. For deeper cleans, check the manufacturer's recom­men­dations, as washing methods may vary.

Sateen

Sateen is a cotton fabric woven to create a smooth, lustrous surface that resembles satin. The weave structure places most threads on the surface, making it exceptionally soft and slightly shiny. Sateen is popular for bedding and luxurious garments.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water on a gentle cycle and tumble dry on low. Iron on a warm setting if necessary.

Satin

Satin is a weave that typically has a glossy surface and a dull back. It's made from silk, polyester, or nylon and is known for its smooth, lustrous finish. Satin fabric is popular for evening wear, lingerie, and bedding because of its luxurious feel.

Care Tips: Satin made from silk should be dry cleaned, while synthetic satins can usually be machine washed on a gentle cycle and air-dried.

Scoured

Scouring is a cleaning process that removes impurities from raw fibres, like wool or cotton, preparing them for dyeing and manufacturing. Scoured fabrics are cleaner, softer, and ready for further textile production.

Care Tips: Care for scoured fabrics as per the finished textile's instructions, considering the fibre's nature.

Scuba

Scuba fabric is a type of double-knit polyester fabric, known for its smooth texture, stretch, and ability to hold structured shapes. It's popular in fashion for dresses, skirts, and athletic apparel. Check out our Ultimate Guide to Scuba.

Care Tips: Machine wash on a gentle cycle with cool water and lay flat to dry.

SeaCell

SeaCell is a sustainable fabric made from seaweed and wood cellulose, offering natural breathability, moisture control, and skin-friendly benefits due to the seaweed's nutrients. It's used in activewear, casual wear, and eco-conscious clothing lines.

Care Tips: Wash gently in cold water and lay flat to dry to preserve the fabric's natural benefits and softness.

Seersucker

Seersucker is a lightweight cotton fabric known for its puckered texture and striped or checkered patterns. The puckering is achieved through a slack-tension weave, making seersucker ideal for summer clothing due to its breathability and avoidance of clinging to the skin.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and hang to dry. Ironing is usually unnecessary due to the fabric's naturally wrinkled appearance.

Selvedge (Selvage)

Selvedge is the tightly woven edge of a fabric that prevents it from unraveling or fraying. It's often seen as a mark of quality in denim and other woven fabrics, with selvedge denim highly prized by enthusiasts.

Care Tips: Care for selvedge fabrics as per the main fabric type, but avoid cutting the selvedge edge when sewing to maintain the integrity of the garment.

Sequins

Sequins are small, shiny discs often sewn onto fabric to add sparkle and decoration. They can be made from metal, plastic, or glass and are used in costumes, evening wear, and accessories. Sequin fabrics are a great choice for special occasion-wear.

Care Tips: Hand wash or dry clean garments with sequins to avoid damage. Turn inside out before washing to protect the sequins.

Serge

Serge is a type of twill fabric that's known for its diagonal lines or ribs. Traditionally made from wool, serge is durable and resistant to wrinkles and creasing, making it suitable for uniforms, suits, and other structured garments.

Care Tips: Wool serge should be dry cleaned to maintain its texture and colour. Synthetic serge varieties may have different care requirements, often machine washable.

Sheeting

Sheeting is a broad term for fabrics used in bed linens, made from cotton, linen, or blends. It's characterised by its durability and softness, improving with each wash. Sheeting fabric is also used for quilting and home décor projects.

Care Tips: Machine wash in warm water with similar colours and tumble dry on low. Iron if necessary.

Shot

Shot fabric, also known as changeant, is woven with threads of two or more colours to create a fabric that appears to change colour when viewed from different angles. This iridescent effect is popular in silks and taffetas for evening wear and decorative textiles.

Care Tips: Dry clean to preserve the fabric's colour and iridescence. Avoid water, which can cause water spots or damage.

Shrunk (Preshrunk)

Shrunk or preshrunk fabrics have been treated during manufacturing to minimise further shrinkage after purchase. This process is common in cotton and wool garments, ensuring a more consistent fit over time.

Slub

Slub fabric features intentional lumps or thick, raised threads that create a textured, uneven surface. This effect can be achieved through the spinning process or by weaving with slub yarns. Slub fabrics add visual interest and depth to garments and textiles.

Care Tips: Wash gently to avoid damaging the textured yarns. Machine wash on a gentle cycle and air dry when possible.

Spandex

Spandex, also known as elastane or Lycra, is a synthetic fibre known for its exceptional elasticity. It's used in a wide range of clothing for its ability to stretch up to five times its original length, including activewear, swimwear, and hosiery.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and air dry or tumble dry on low heat. Avoid high temperatures and bleach.

Stone Wash

Stone washing is a textile process used to give a new fabric a worn-in appearance. This is achieved by washing the fabric with pumice stones, which abrade the surface. It's commonly used for denim.

Care Tips: Machine wash cold and tumble dry low. The fabric will continue to soften over time.

Stretch

Stretch fabrics are made from fibres like spandex, incorporated into other materials to add elasticity. They're used in garments that require flexibility and comfort, such as leggings, fitted tops, and sportswear.

Care Tips: Wash on a gentle cycle in cool water and air dry to maintain elasticity.

Suede

Suede is a type of leather with a napped surface, made from the underside of the animal skin. It's softer and more pliable than standard leather and is used in clothing, shoes, and upholstery.

Care Tips: Use a suede brush to clean and maintain the nap. For stains, consult a professional cleaner.

Synthetic

Synthetic fabrics are made from man-made fibres, including polyester, nylon, and acrylic. They're known for their durability, resistance to shrinking and stretching, and ease of care. Synthetic fabrics are used in a wide range of applications, from clothing to home furnishings.

Care Tips: Generally, synthetic fabrics can be machine washed and dried. Check the care label for specific instructions.

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Taffeta

Taffeta is a crisp, smooth fabric with a slight sheen, traditionally made from silk but also available in synthetic fibres like polyester. It's known for its stiff texture, making it popular for evening gowns, wedding dresses, and in interior decoration for drapery. Taffeta can be plain or iridescent and often produces a rustling sound when moved.

Care Tips: Silk taffeta should be dry cleaned to maintain its texture and sheen. Synthetic taffeta may be gently machine washed.

Tartan

Tartan is a patterned fabric consisting of crisscrossed horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colours. Originally made of wool, tartan patterns are associated with Scottish kilts but are now used in various fashion items, accessories, and home décor.

Care Tips: Wool tartans should be dry cleaned. Cotton or synthetic tartans can be machine washed on a gentle cycle.

Tencel™

Tencel™ is a brand name for lyocell, a sustainable fabric made from wood cellulose. Known for its environmental benefits, Tencel fabric is soft, absorbent, and strong, with a beautiful drape. It's used in a wide range of clothing and home textiles.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low or hang to dry. Iron on a low setting if needed.

Terry Cloth

Terry cloth is a woven fabric with long loops that can absorb large amounts of water. It's made primarily from cotton but can also include polyester or microfibre. Terry cloth is most commonly used for towels, robes, and beachwear.

Care Tips: Wash in warm water with like colours and tumble dry on medium heat. Avoid fabric softeners, which can reduce absorbency.

Thermal

Thermal fabrics are designed to retain body heat and provide insulation. They typically have a waffle or honeycomb texture, increasing their air-trapping capabilities. Thermal fabrics are used in cold-weather clothing, including underwear, socks, and blankets.

Care Tips: Machine wash in warm water and tumble dry on low heat. Avoid high heat, which can shrink or damage the fabric.

Ticking

Ticking is a tightly woven cotton or linen fabric, traditionally used to cover mattresses and pillows. It's characterised by its durability and distinctive striped design, intended to prevent down feathers from poking through. Today, ticking is also used in home décor and upholstery for its classic aesthetic.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low. Iron on a medium setting if necessary.

Tie-dye

Tie-dye is a technique of dyeing fabric by tying sections of it to create patterns of exposed and unexposed areas. Tie-dye can be applied to a variety of fabrics, resulting in unique, colourful patterns.

Care Tips: Wash separately in cold water for the first few washes to prevent dye from bleeding. Tumble dry on low.

Toile

Toile, short for "toile de Jouy," is a type of decorating pattern consisting of a white or off-white background on which a repeated pattern depicting a fairly complex scene, generally of a pastoral theme such as (but not limited to) a couple having a picnic by a lake. The fabric has been traditionally produced in Jouy-en-Josas, France, since the 18th century. However, the term "toile" can also refer to the test garment made from muslin or a similar low-cost material used to perfect a pattern. Take a look at toile fabrics.

Care Tips: For decorative toile fabric, dry clean to preserve colours and fabric integrity. For muslin toiles, machine wash and dry as needed.

Towelling

Towelling, or terry cloth, is a fabric with loops that can absorb large amounts of water. Made primarily from cotton, it's used for bath towels, robes, and beachwear. The looped construction makes it exceptionally soft and absorbent.

Care Tips: Wash in warm water with like colours. Tumble dry on medium heat. Avoid fabric softeners to maintain absorbency.

Triacetate

Triacetate is a synthetic fibre known for its resistance to wrinkles and shrinkage, making it a popular choice for clothing that requires a crisp appearance, such as evening wear and linings. It offers a smooth, luxurious feel.

Care Tips: Dry clean or machine wash on a gentle cycle. Avoid high temperatures when drying and ironing.

Tricel™

Tricel™ is a brand name for a type of lyocell, a regenerated cellulose fibre made from wood pulp. It's similar to rayon but is produced using an eco-friendly process. Tricel fabrics are soft, absorbent, and strong, used in a variety of garments.

Care Tips: Machine wash on a gentle cycle in cold water and tumble dry on low. Iron on a low setting if necessary.

Tricot

Tricot is a knit fabric with fine ribs on the right side and diagonal ribs on the back, making it stretchy and soft. It's used for lingerie, lining, and athletic wear due to its durability and ability to wick moisture away from the body.

Care Tips: Machine wash on a gentle cycle and air dry. Use cool iron if necessary, avoiding high heat.

Tubular

Tubular fabric is knit in a continuous tube, ideal for seamless garments or items like socks, cuffs, and collars. This construction method offers comfort and a clean finish, with flexibility in design and use.

Care Tips: Follow the care instructions for the specific fibre content, typically involving machine washing on a gentle cycle and air drying.

Tulle

Tulle is a lightweight, very fine netting, which is often starched. It can be made of various fibres, including silk, nylon, and rayon. Tulle is most commonly used for veils, gowns (particularly wedding gowns), and ballet tutus.

Care Tips: Hand wash gently in cold water or dry clean. Lay flat to dry to maintain its shape.

Tweed

Tweed is a rough, woollen fabric, typically woven with a plain or herringbone pattern. Known for its durability and moisture resistance, tweed fabric is commonly used in outdoor garments, such as shooting jackets, and in traditional Irish and British country clothing.

Care Tips: Dry clean to preserve the fabric's texture and colour. Brush regularly to remove dust and lint.

Twill

Twill is a type of textile weave with a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs. This is achieved by passing the weft thread over one or more warp threads, then under two or more warp threads. The result is a durable fabric that shows fewer stains and wrinkles, used in jeans, chinos, and other sturdy garments.

Care Tips: Machine wash twill fabrics in cold water to prevent shrinking and fading. Tumble dry on low and iron on a medium setting if necessary.

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Unbleached

Unbleached fabric has not undergone the bleaching process, retaining its natural colour, which is usually off-white or cream. This less intensive processing makes unbleached fabrics a more environmentally friendly option, commonly used in eco-conscious clothing, bedding, and other textile products.

Care Tips: Wash unbleached fabrics in cold water to prevent shrinkage and preserve the natural colour. Tumble dry on low or air dry.

Underlining

Underlining involves adding a layer of fabric to the inside of a garment, separate from the lining, to provide additional body, support, or opacity. It's especially useful in lightweight or transparent fabrics, helping to improve the garment's drape and wearability.

Care Tips: Care for garments with underlining according to the most delicate fabric's instructions, usually involving gentle washing and drying methods.

Ultrasuede

Ultrasuede is a brand of synthetic microfibre fabric engineered to mimic the softness and luxury of suede leather. It combines the plush feel of suede with the added benefits of increased durability, stain resistance, and ease of care. Ultrasuede is widely used in fashion for garments, footwear, and accessories, as well as in upholstery and automotive interiors for its aesthetic appeal and practicality.

Care Tips: Ultrasuede can be cleaned with a soft brush or damp cloth for most stains. For tougher stains, machine wash on a gentle cycle with cold water and air dry. Avoid high heat and harsh chemicals.

Upholstery

Upholstery refers to the materials—­including fabrics, padding, and springs—used to cover furniture, providing comfort, durability, and aesthetic appeal. Upholstery fabrics are available in a wide range of materials, from natural fibres like cotton and wool to synthetic fibres like polyester and nylon, each offering different textures, patterns, and resistance to wear and tear.

Care Tips: The care for upholstery fabric depends on its material. Vacuum regularly and spot clean spills immediately with a suitable cleaner. For deep cleaning, consult a professional upholstery cleaning service, especially for delicate or high-value items.

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Vat Dyed

Vat dyed refers to a dyeing process where fabric is submerged in a vat of dye, allowing for deep, thorough colouration that is resistant to fading. This method is often used for fabrics that need to maintain colour integrity through heavy use or frequent washing, such as workwear and linens.

Care Tips: Follow the care label, as vat-dyed fabrics are generally colourfast but may have specific washing or drying requirements to preserve their colour.

Velcro

Velcro is a brand name for a hook & loop fastening system that consists of two components: a hook side and a loop side. When pressed together, the hooks catch in the loops, creating a secure closure. Velcro is used in a wide range of applications, from clothing and footwear to bags and medical devices, for its ease of use and adjustability.

Care Tips: Close Velcro fasteners before washing to prevent lint and thread from catching. Wash with similar colours and fabrics to avoid damage.

Velour

Velour is a plush, knitted fabric similar to velvet but with a stretch. Made from cotton or synthetics, velour offers comfort and flexibility, making it popular for loungewear, casual clothing, and theatrical costumes. It has a soft, velvety surface and drapes nicely.

Care Tips: Most velour garments can be machine washed in cold water and tumble dried on low heat. Avoid ironing to preserve the pile's softness.

Velvet

Velvet is a luxurious woven fabric distinguished by its dense pile of evenly cut fibres that give it a distinctive soft feel and elegant shimmer. Traditionally made from silk, velvet is now also produced from cotton, synthetics, and blends, making it versatile for everything from fashion to upholstery. Its plush texture is ideal for evening wear, curtains, and furniture coverings.

Care Tips: Velvet should be dry cleaned to maintain its texture and colour. For crushed velvet or synthetic blends, follow specific care instructions, which may allow gentle machine washing.

Velveteen

Velveteen is a cotton fabric designed to simulate velvet, but with a shorter pile, making it less lustrous but more durable. It's commonly used in clothing, upholstery, and soft furnishings for its soft texture and rich appearance.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water on a gentle cycle and tumble dry on low. Iron on the reverse side to avoid crushing the pile.

Vilene

Vilene (also known as interfacing) is a brand of non-woven or woven fabric used to stabilise or reinforce areas in sewing projects, such as collars, cuffs, and waistbands. It comes in various weights and can be fusible or sew-in, depending on the application.

Care Tips: Follow the care instructions for the main fabric, as Vilene is designed to withstand similar washing and ironing conditions.

Viloft

Viloft is a type of viscose fibre known for its softness and high moisture absorbency, making it ideal for skin-friendly clothing and textiles. It's often used in blends to enhance the comfort and breathability of fabrics.

Care Tips: Wash gently in cold water and air dry or tumble dry on a low setting. Follow specific garment care instructions.

Vincel

Vincel is a synthetic fibre blend known for its durability and resistance to wrinkles and shrinking. It's used in a variety of apparel and home textiles, offering easy care and long-lasting wear.

Care Tips: Machine washable in warm water with similar colours. Tumble dry on low and remove promptly to minimise wrinkles.

Vinyl

Vinyl is a synthetic plastic material used in a wide range of products, including upholstery, clothing, and accessories. It's waterproof and durable, making it a popular choice for outdoor furniture, raincoats, and bags. Vinyl can mimic the look of leather or other finishes, offering versatility in design.

Care Tips: Wipe clean with a damp cloth. For tougher stains, use a mild soap solution. Avoid harsh chemicals and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.

Viscose

Viscose, also known as rayon in the United States, is a semi-synthetic fibre made from cellulose derived from wood pulp. It's known for its silk-like feel, superb drape, and vibrant colours. Viscose is widely used in dresses, blouses, and linings due to its breathability and moisture-absorbing properties.

Care Tips: Hand wash or machine wash on a gentle cycle in cold water, then hang to dry. Iron on a low heat setting if necessary.

Viscose Chenille

Viscose chenille is a soft, fuzzy fabric made from viscose fibres that are twisted into a yarn resembling a caterpillar. Chenille's plush texture makes it popular for throws, cushions, and upholstery, as well as cosy garments.

Care Tips: Hand wash or machine wash on a gentle cycle in cold water. Lay flat to dry to maintain the fabric's texture.

Viscose Challis

Viscose challis is a lightweight, fluid fabric made from viscose fibres, known for its soft, smooth hand and beautiful drape. It's ideal for flowy dresses, blouses, and scarves, offering comfort and breathability.

Care Tips: Hand wash in cold water or machine wash on a gentle cycle. Hang to dry and iron on a low setting if necessary.

Voile

Voile fabric is a lightweight, semi-sheer fabric made from cotton, linen, or synthetic fibres. It has a smooth, crisp feel and a slightly transparent appearance, making it perfect for summer clothing, curtains, and as a lining fabric to add lightness without bulk.

Care Tips: Machine wash voile in cold water on a gentle cycle, and air dry or tumble dry on low. Iron while slightly damp for the best finish.

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W

Wadding

Wadding, also known as batting, is a layer of material used in quilting between the fabric top and backing. It provides insulation and thickness to quilts, making them warmer and more comfortable. Wadding can be made from cotton, polyester, wool, or blends, each offering different weights and warmth levels.

Care Tips: Care depends on the material. Cotton and wool waddings should be washed with care to avoid shrinkage, often pre-washed before use. Polyester wadding is more resistant to washing and can be machine washed and dried.

Waffle Cloth

Waffle cloth, also known as honeycomb cloth, features a distinctive textured pattern that resembles a waffle. This texture is created through a specific weaving technique that results in square or diamond-shaped patterns. Waffle fabric is highly absorbent and breathable, making it ideal for towels, bathrobes, and thermal wear.

Care Tips: Machine wash in warm water with similar colours. Tumble dry on low heat. The texture may increase in definition after washing.

Warp

Warp yarns run vertically and are held in tension on a loom or knitting machine. These yarns are interwoven with weft yarns to create various types of fabrics. The warp contributes to the fabric's strength and structure.

See Weft

Waterproof

Waterproof fabrics are treated or constructed in a manner that completely prevents water from penetrating the material. These fabrics are essential for outdoor gear, rainwear, and protective clothing. Technologies vary from coatings to laminated membranes that allow breathability while blocking moisture.

Care Tips: Wipe clean or machine wash according to manufacturer's instructions. Avoid fabric softeners and bleach, which can degrade waterproofing properties.

Water-resistant

Water-resistant fabrics are designed to repel water, but unlike waterproof materials, they can become saturated under certain conditions. They offer a level of protection against moisture and are suitable for light rain and spills, used in outerwear and outdoor furnishings.

Care Tips: Follow the same care guidelines as for waterproof fabrics, paying attention to the specific care label.

Weft

The weft refers to the yarns that run horizontally and are interwoven with the warp (vertical yarns) to create fabric. The weft can affect the texture, strength, and appearance of the fabric.

See Warp

Wicking

Wicking fabrics are designed to transport moisture away from the skin to the fabric's exterior, where it can evaporate more easily. This feature is common in performance wear and activewear, keeping the wearer dry and comfortable.

Care Tips: Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low. Avoid fabric softeners, which can impair the wicking capabilities.

Wool

Wool is a natural fibres obtained from sheep and other animals, including goats (cashmere and mohair), rabbits (angora), and camels. Wool fabric is prized for its warmth, durability, and natural elasticity, making it ideal for sweaters, coats, and blankets. It has excellent moisture-wicking properties and can regulate body temperature.

Care Tips: Wool garments are best dry-cleaned or hand-washed in cool water with a mild detergent. Lay flat to dry away from direct heat or sunlight.

Wool Crepe

Wool crepe is a lightweight wool fabric known for its crisp and crinkly texture, achieved through the use of high-twist yarns. It drapes beautifully and has a slightly grainy feel, making it suitable for dresses, skirts, and trousers that require movement and flow. Wool crepe is also appreciated for its breathability and warmth.

Care Tips: Dry clean to preserve the fabric's texture and drape. If necessary, iron on a low setting with a pressing cloth to avoid shine.

Worsted

Worsted is a type of wool fabric made from long-staple fibres that have been combed to align them before spinning, resulting in a smooth, firm yarn. Worsted wool fabrics are tightly woven and have a smooth surface, making them ideal for high-quality suits, trousers, and other tailored garments. They offer durability, resistance to wrinkles, and a polished appearance.

Care Tips: Dry clean worsted wool garments to maintain their shape and finish. Press with a warm iron and a pressing cloth to avoid shine.

Woven

Woven fabrics are made by interlacing two sets of yarns at right angles to each other. This construction method includes plain, twill, and satin weaves, offering a variety of textures and strengths. Woven fabrics are used in everything from delicate blouses to sturdy upholstery.

Care Tips: Care varies by material. Generally, machine wash on a gentle cycle and tumble dry on low. Iron on a setting appropriate for the fabric type.

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Y

Yardage

Yardage refers to the amount of fabric measured in yards required for or available for a particular sewing project or garment. It's crucial in pattern making, sewing, and fabric purchasing, ensuring that enough fabric is obtained to complete a project without interruptions.

Yarn

Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, knitting, crocheting, weaving, embroidery, and ropemaking. Yarn can be made from a variety of natural and synthetic fibres, including cotton, wool, silk, polyester, and nylon. The characteristics of the yarn, such as its texture, strength, and elasticity, play a crucial role in determining the properties of the finished fabric.

Care Tips: The care for yarn-based products depends on the fibre composition. Always refer to the care instructions specific to the yarn used in a garment or textile product.

Yarn-Dyed

Yarn-dyed refers to fabric made from yarns that were dyed before being woven or knitted into fabric. This process ensures that the colour is thoroughly saturated throughout the yarn, providing depth of colour and resistance to fading. Yarn-dyed fabrics are commonly used in garments and textiles that require colourfastness and a rich, vibrant appearance.

Care Tips: Wash yarn-dyed fabrics in cold water to preserve the colour. Tumble dry on low or air dry, and follow any additional care instructions provided with the fabric.

Yoke

A yoke is a fabric panel, typically found at the shoulders of shirts, blouses, dresses, or in the waist area of skirts and pants. It's designed to provide structure and support to the garment, allowing for a better fit and more comfortable wear. Yokes can be decorative or functional, often featuring contrasting fabrics, embroidery, or pleating to add visual interest to the garment. In pattern making and design, the yoke is a critical element for distributing the weight of the garment and adding stylistic details.

Care Tips: The care for garments with a yoke depends on the overall fabric used. If the yoke is made of a different material than the main garment, consider the care instructions for the most delicate fabric.

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Z

Zero Waste Design

Zero Waste Design refers to a principle in fashion and textile design that aims to eliminate fabric waste during the garment construction process. Designers who adopt this approach carefully plan their patterns to use every bit of the fabric, often resulting in innovative and unconventional garment shapes and styles. This sustainable design philosophy not only reduces waste but also challenges traditional methods of clothing production.

Zibeline

Zibeline is a luxurious fabric known for its soft, thick texture and subtle sheen. Traditionally made from the wool of the sable (a type of marten), modern zibeline is often crafted from wool, silk, or synthetic fibres to mimic the original's rich feel. It's characterized by a long, dense pile and is commonly used in high-end outerwear, formal wear, and bridal gowns for its elegant drape and warmth.

Care Tips: Due to its luxurious nature, zibeline garments should be professionally dry cleaned to preserve their texture and appearance.

Zigzag Stitch

A zigzag stitch is a sewing machine stitch that moves the needle from side to side in a zigzag pattern. This stitch is versatile, used for seam finishing, preventing fabric from fraying, attaching elastic, and decorative purposes. It's particularly useful on stretch fabrics as it allows for stretch without breaking the thread.

Zips (Zippers)

Zips are fastening devices consisting of two flexible strips of metal or plastic with interlocking teeth, slid into place with a slider. They are widely used in clothing, bags, and other textile products for their secure closure and ease of use. Zips come in various types, including coil, invisible, metal, and plastic, each suited to different applications and aesthetic preferences.

Z-Twist

Z-twist refers to the direction of yarn or thread twist, where the spirals ascend to the right, resembling the central portion of the letter "Z." This twist direction is opposite to the more common S-twist and can affect the fabric's texture and strength. Z-twist yarns are sometimes used for specific weaving and knitting effects or in sewing threads for better performance on certain machines.

Care Tips: Care for fabrics or garments made with Z-twist yarns as per the material's specific instructions, considering any unique properties imparted by the twist direction.

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